Reconocidos arquitectos diseñan para perros

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Zaha Hadid vs. the Pirates

Star architect Zaha Hadid is currently building several projects across China. One of them, however, is being constructed twice. Pirates are the process of copying one of her provocative designs, and the race is on to see who can finish first.

London-based Zaha Hadid, widely regarded as one of the leading lights in the constellation of avant-garde architecture, has likewise become a superstar in China, where her latest designs radiate out through architecture schools and studios across the country. On a recent trip to Beijing, 15,000 artists, architects and other fans swarmed to a talk she gave for the opening of the futuristic Galaxy SOHO complex -- just one of 11 projects she is designing across the country.

But the appeal of the Prtizker Prize winner's experimental architecture, especially since the unveiling of her glowing, crystalline Guangzhou Opera House two years ago, has expanded so explosively that a contingent of pirate architects and construction teams in southern China is now building a carbon copy of one of Hadid's Beijing projects.

What's worse, Hadid said in an interview, she is now being forced to race these pirates to complete her original project first.

The project being pirated is the Wangjing SOHO, a complex of three towers that resemble curved sails, sculpted in stone and etched with wave-like aluminum bands, that appear to swim across the surface of the Earth when viewed from the air.

Zhang Xin, the billionaire property developer who heads SOHO China and commissioned Hadid to design the complex, lashed out against the pirates during the Galaxy opening: "Even as we build one of Zaha's projects, it is being replicated in Chongqing," a megacity near the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. At this point in time, she added, the pirates of Chongqing are building faster than SOHO. The original is set for completion in 2014.

'China Can Copy Anything'

Zhang has issued an open appeal for help in combatting this massive, open counterfeiting operation, and lamented: "Everyone says that China is a great copycat country, and that it can copy anything."

Piracy is pervasive in China, where counterfeit iPods, iPhones and iPads are sold openly, and even entire fake Apple stores have proliferated across upwardly mobile cities. Although China has, on paper at least, a series of laws to protect intellectual property, enforcement of these rules is wildly sporadic.

Yet You Yunting, a Shanghai-based lawyer who founded an online journal covering intellectual property issues, said China's copyright law includes protection for works of architecture. You said he has studied the copying of the Hadid project, and added: "The two versions of the complex are quite similar."

"SOHO could have a good chance of winning litigation in this case," he predicted. "But even if the judge rules in favor of SOHO, the court will not force the defendant to pull the building down. But it could order the payment of compensation."

Zaha Hadid is not the first Westerner to see her architecture mimicked in China. Last year, citizens of the Austrian hillside hamlet of Hallstatt were shocked when they inadvertently discovered Chinese architects had surreptitiously and extensively photographed their homes and were building a doppelg?nger version of the UNESCO World Heritage site in southern China.

Hans-J?rg Kaiser, an Austrian representative on the International Council on Monuments and Sites, which advises UNESCO on heritage preservation, said Halstatt residents were quite upset that their homes were being secretly cloned half a world away.

'As Easy as Photoshop'

Chinese architects involved in replicating the Austrian town, wedged between snow-covered peaks and a vast high-elevation lake, apparently created the simulacrum of Halstatt by using imagery software to create an intricate montage of the site, and then transformed these images into a 3D model.

The initial outcry among the people of Halstatt against the secretive mapping of their homes has since subsided, said Kaiser, who added he did not discover any UNESCO rules that could have prevented the replication of the World Heritage site.

Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas, who designed Beijing's surreal, next-generation CCTV tower, has stated the super-speed expansion of Chinese cities is producing architects who use laptops to quickly cut and paste buildings into existence. Koolhaas, in the book "Mutations," calls these architects Photoshop designers: "Photoshop allows us to make collages of photographs -- (and) this is the essence of (China's) architectural and urban production…. Design today becomes as easy as Photoshop, even on the scale of a city."

Satoshi Ohashi, project director at Zaha Hadid Architects for the SOHO complex that is now being cloned, said: "It is possible that the Chongqing pirates got hold of some digital files or renderings of the project." From these, he added, "you could work out a similar building if you are technically very capable, but this would only be a rough simulation of the architecture."

One SOHO executive identified the property developer accused of pirating the design of the Hadid project as Chongqing Meiquan. When contacted by telephone, a Chongqing Meiquan official declined to comment on the case.

Lightening Pace

Zaha Hadid said she has a philosophical stance on the replication of her designs: If future generations of these cloned buildings display innovative mutations, "that could be quite exciting."

An entire generation of new-millennium Chinese architects has been tracking, and been inspired by, Hadid's architectural advances, said Beijing-based Ohashi. He also predicted a rise of a new class of pirate architects with a sophisticated focus on the globe's leading experimental buildings: "If someone really likes Zaha, we will probably see more of her designs across China," he says.

And the ability to bounce images, renderings, and even leading-edge 3D models of architectural designs around the globe at the speed of light via the Internet will aid not only avant-garde architecture teams from Beijing to London working together on joint projects, but also pirate architects who aim to build skyscrapers or even cities at a lightning pace.

Could there one day appear an entire Chinese cosmopolis populated by mutant versions of the cool crystal-shaped cultural centers crafted by Zaha Hadid? Could China see the proliferation of 10 or 20 architectural clones of the Guangzhou Opera House spread out across its leading megacities?

"I am sure," said Ohashi, "that some architect is already working on another version of the Guangzhou Opera House."

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? SPIEGEL ONLINE 2012
All Rights Reserved
Reproduction only allowed with the permission of SPIEGELnet GmbH

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Estreno documental “Ciudad para Porteños, Puerto para Ciudadanos” en Valparaíso

- A realizarse: Enero 10, 2013 11:00 a 12:30

Este jueves 10 de enero a las 11:00hrs en el salón de eventos Zamba&Canuta (5º Piso Piedra Feliz, Blanco 1068), se estrenará el documental “Ciudad para Porteños, Puerto para Ciudadanos”, el cual cuestiona los planes de expansión de la Empresa Portuaria de Valparaíso (EPV).

En la ocasión se informará a la ciudadanía sobre la licitación del terminal 2 y habrá un espacio para debatir sobre cuál es el borde costero que queremos.Evento abierto. Entrada liberadaPuedes ver el trailer del documental aquí

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Crematorio en Parma / Studio Zermani e Associati

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#followweb | nodoPFC

De nuevo viernes, día de #followfriday por twitter, y un buen momento para conocer gente o ideas nuevas después de cerrar otra semana de trabajo. Hoy, dentro de nuestra serie #followweb, os presentamos otra iniciativa que propone la creación de un archivo online de Proyectos de Fin de Carrera de Arquitectura:  nodopfc

Ese proyecto “anónimo” (no he logrado saber quién hay detrás de la iniciativa, y probablemente tampoco importe mucho) intenta “retomar el hilo de lo que la ETSAM ha dejado de hacer, publicar el trabajo de tantos y tantos estudiantes/arquitectos”, aunque no está sólo centrado en la ETSAM sino que también incluye proyectos de otras escuelas.

En esa línea, comparte muchos objetivos con la de PFC Commons que ya reseñamos aquí. A diferencia de aquella, nodopfc no propone una licencia abierta con la que compartir esos PFCs , aunque usar una Creative Commons o similar sigue siendo perfectamente posible si el autor lo decide. Sin embargo, la filosofía detrás es muy parecida, en sus propias palabras, “porque creemos que frente a competir es mejor compartir y cooperar”.

De hecho la web cuenta con una sección de descargas de proyectos en formato .dwg. Muchos publicaríamos sin problemas un .jpg o incluso un .pdf con licencia abierta, pero publicar el archivo fuente “desnudo” y editable de un proyecto da mucha más facilidad para reaprovechar un dibujo y desarrollar variaciones sobre éste, de modo que me parece una apuesta mucho más grande por la cultura libre.

La web es bastante mejorable (tiempo al tiempo), y puestos a compartir, sería mejor empezar a usar formatos más universales tipo .dxf (a falta de otro estándar mejor), pero en cualquier caso este tipo de iniciativas me parecen muy dignas de difusión y seguimiento.

Podéis visitar la web o seguir el proyecto en su página de Facebook. A ver si nos vamos animando a colgar nuestros proyectos en estas u otras plataformas, y ayudamos a que se conviertan en interesantes aportes a la cultura arquitectónica.

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Rivas y Ureña, ganadores de ‘Arquideas: Landscape, Architecture & Wine’

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Stones of contention

Jan 5th 2013 | SKOPJE | from the print edition

Colouring the future

IN 2010 a computer-generated video of plans for the Macedonian capital was released to journalists. There were to be statues and monuments, new museums and civic buildings, a triumphal arch, even an eternal flame. After decades in hibernation Skopje’s turbocharged planners seemed determined that the city should make up for lost time. While Nikola Gruevski, the prime minister, was in office they planned to erect as much public art as some European capitals have put up in three centuries. Many assumed it was some sort of joke.

Three years later, the project is nearing completion and this corner of the Balkans is suffering the shock of the new. For this is more than just a city rejuvenation project. Almost every structure and statue is part of a wider ideological scheme to recast Macedonia’s identity. The heart is Skopje’s central square, which for decades was a bleak and empty space. Now it has been crammed with statuary. There are 19th-century Macedonian heroes, the medieval Tsar Samuel (whom the Bulgarians angrily claim as their own) and Justinian, a Byzantine emperor who was born near Skopje. Nearby are two saints, Cyril and Methodius, the fathers of the Cyrillic alphabet. Centre-stage goes to a giant bronze Alexander the Great. He is encircled by warriors, who in turn are surrounded by a fountain, with music, roaring lions and lights that change colour.

Ever since Macedonia became independent in 1991 Greece has fought a bitter diplomatic war with its northern neighbour. The new state, created from a former Yugoslav republic, it argued, was a thinly veiled territorial claim on its own northern region of Macedonia. Worse the Slav Macedonians, said the Greeks, were trying to steal their Hellenic history and culture.

Until Greece blocked Macedonia’s accession to NATO in 2008, the government in Skopje never really took the history bait from Greece. Since then, however, the nationalist ideologues have become louder. Far from the Macedonians being an invented nation, as the Greeks argue, Vangel Bozinovski, one of the architects working on Skopje’s revamp says that it is in fact the Greek nation that was invented in the 19th century, and hence it is they who are stealing Macedonian history, including that of Alexander the Great. Just to make the point, a statue of Alexander’s father, Philip of Macedon, has been erected and several of his mother, Olympia. A neoclassical archaeological museum (pictured) is nearing completion and a new foreign ministry with a classical temple-style portico has just been completed.

Neoclassicism is not the only style being reused. Mr Bozinovski, who has built a “memorial house” to honour Mother Teresa, the Skopje-born nun who found fame caring for the dying in Kolkata, speaks of “eclecticism”. He is working on a plan for redeveloping a building which he says “is going to be real baroque”. In 1689 the then Ottoman city was torched by the Austrians. Mr Bozinovski claims that by building baroque he is only restoring this style to its rightful place; before the fire, he says, Skopje was as baroque as Prague.

But the city also wants to reclaim its more recent past. Close to the parliament building, on top of which new glass cupolas are now sprouting, is a war memorial for Macedonians killed fighting guerrillas from the country’s Albanian minority in 2001. Albanians make up at least a quarter of the population and many loathe what has been done to the capital. “I hate it,” says Lura Pollozhani, a young Macedonian-Albanian journalist. “I don’t see me here.” By concentrating on ancient Macedonian themes, she believes, Albanians are being told: “We were on this land first.”

But Albanians have political clout in Macedonia and a new square in the predominantly Albanian part of the city is also being built. A statue of Skanderbeg, their medieval hero was already here, and more monuments will follow. A 30-metre statue of Mother Teresa, an Albanian, is planned for the city’s main square. The reconstruction of a church destroyed in 1963 was stopped as part of a vicious quarrel in which Albanians, for their part, demanded the reconstruction of a mosque.

Macedonians have mixed feelings about the government’s cultural aggrandisement. Something needed to be done, they say, and something has been done, even if sometimes it is over the top. But Macedonian liberals and the opposition feel aggrieved. Questions are being asked in parliament about how much the projects are costing. Saso Ordanoski, a veteran commentator, is especially critical. “It is a catastrophe. It is a Disneyland. They consider Macedonia to be the ancient cradle of civilisation and not a normal, small, modern European country. That would be below their standards.”

from the print edition | Books and arts

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